The automobile wiring harness is the carrier of the automobile circuit components, someone has made an image of the metaphor, the automobile wiring harness is a blood vessel, the automobile engine is the heart, the heart beats because of the blood vessel, the engine runs because of the wiring harness, it can be seen that the automobile wiring harness is important for the normal stability of the whole automobile circuit. Therefore, it is very necessary to understand the product and process knowledge of automobile wiring harness.

01  Basic knowledge of wiring harness

Wire harness refers to the contact terminal (connector) that is made of copper material and becomes with wire and cable after pressing, outside again plastic pressure insulator or external metal shell, etc., the assembly that forms the connection circuit with wire harness bundling. In short, it is the wire that connects the car's electrical appliances. The operating conditions and parameters of the car are reflected on the on-board computer through the wire harness. On the other hand, the electronic technology content of automobile wiring harness has become an important index to evaluate the performance of automobile.

Automobile wiring harness is mainly used to connect the battery, power distribution box, actuators, controllers, sensors and other components of the car, to provide electric energy and signal transmission for the electrical and electronic components of the vehicle, and to provide basic connection for the control loop, so that it can realize all electrical functions. Electrical safety and signal accuracy are extremely high for the connection stability of the wire harness, to ensure that the line does not produce overload, short circuit, open circuit, voltage fluctuation and signal transmission attenuation.

02  Automobile wiring harness industry characteristics

With the development of the automobile industry and the upgrading of consumer demand, cars have gradually developed from the convenience and comfort of people's travel to the 

entertainment and intelligent development. Increasing the quantity of automobile electronic equipment and promoting the electronization of automobile have become an important and effective way to capture the future automobile market. The change of automobile electronization and intelligentization promotes the steady development of automobile wiring harness industry.

The automobile wiring harness is the main body of the automobile circuit network, which is made of copper stamping contact terminals (connectors) and wires and cables after pressing, plastic pressure insulator or external metal shell, etc., to form the connecting circuit components by wiring harness bundling, mainly composed of wires, terminals, connectors and sheath. Automotive wiring harness products belong to customized products, different vehicle manufacturers and their different models have different design schemes and quality standards.

In 2009, according to China's auto production volume of 7.2797 million and 7.216 million respectively, after more than a decade of economic growth, the advance of urbanization and the improvement of living standards, ordinary families surge in demand for cars, car production in 2019 to 25.721 million and 25.769 million, nearly more than 10 years, auto off sales are growing almost three times as much. With the continuous rise of automobile sales, the demand for automobile wiring harnesses has also increased significantly, and the market capacity of automobile wiring harnesses has increased rapidly. In 2019, China's automobile production will be 25.721 million units. It is estimated that the annual demand for wiring harness products of China Automotive Electronics will exceed 51 billion yuan with the price of 2000 yuan per single wire harness, and it will further increase to over 55 billion yuan in 2020.

001 has stable cooperation with vehicle manufacturers and high market concentration

The development of the automobile wiring harness industry is highly dependent on the automobile industry, and most of the brands have their own relatively mature and stable automobile supporting systems. In terms of the domestic market, most of the large independent brand car factories have local wiring harness factories with stable supporting production, while the foreign capital and joint venture car factories have higher requirements for wiring harness, and most of the selected wiring harness manufacturers are wholly owned or joint venture manufacturers of international parts manufacturers in China. In recent years, as international automobile manufacturers pay more and more attention to cost control, local procurement of auto parts is increasingly strengthened, and a number of excellent independent wiring harness enterprises have emerged in China. These high-quality local enterprises through long-term accumulation of product technology and synchronous development experience, the overall strength of the significantly enhanced, with timely and effective service, reliable product quality gradually entered the international automobile manufacturers supplier supporting body.

002 Participate in the design and development of vehicle manufacturers, synchronous research and development ability is becoming more and more important

The rise of global procurement of auto parts and the industrial division of labor and cooperation pattern formed by vehicle enterprises and parts enterprises make automobile wiring harness enterprises gradually participate in the design and development of new models of vehicle manufacturers, which puts forward higher requirements for product design and synchronous research and development ability of automobile wiring harness enterprises. Synchronous development requires automotive wiring harness suppliers to integrate into the vehicle supporting system, fully understand the concept and demand of vehicle design, and timely and synchronously launch the design scheme and final product of automotive wiring harness according to the vehicle manufacturer's plan and time node in accordance with the vehicle development schedule. Therefore, in order to improve the vehicle matching ability of automobile wiring harness enterprises, synchronous research and development strength is becoming more and more important.

003  Development trend of automobile wiring harness industry

(1) The rapid development of new energy vehicles in 2020 will promote the transformation and upgrading of automobile wiring harness

Faced with the increasingly severe global energy shortage and environmental pollution, countries and regions represented by the United States, Japan, the European Union and China have begun to transform themselves and have promoted new energy vehicles as national strategies in order to ease the energy shortage and reduce the pressure of environmental pollution. The driving voltage of new energy vehicles is high, so high voltage wiring harness is needed to connect each circuit unit. The high voltage wiring harness is not only a key component of the high voltage electrical system of new energy vehicles, but also an important guarantee for the safe and reliable operation of new energy vehicles. China's local wiring harness suppliers take the lead in entering the new energy vehicle supply system by virtue of good supporting relations with independent new energy vehicle factories. Some high-quality wiring harness enterprises have achieved technological breakthroughs in the design and development of high-voltage wiring harness, with leading research and development strength and huge development potential.

(2) Lightweight of automotive wiring harness has become a key development area in the future

In order to improve the fuel efficiency of automobiles, automobile manufacturers are vigorously promoting the lightweight of automobile production under the background of global environmental protection standards. With the rapid development of automobile electronization and information technology, the extensive use of electronic equipment in the car makes the electrical wiring in the car more and more long and complex. The increase in the weight of automobile wiring harness also leads to the increase in the cost and energy consumption of the whole vehicle. The lightweight development goal of wiring harness becomes more and more important. In the future, once there is a mature solution to the problems of easy oxidation of aluminum conductors and unstable electrical and mechanical properties, the light aluminum wiring harness is expected to become the key development direction of automobile wiring harness.

(3) the emergence of domestic wire harness leading, the future capital competition will accelerate the survival of the fittest

At present, although there are many domestic automobile wiring harness manufacturers, most of them are small in scale, weak in research and development ability, backward in production equipment, low in quality grade, single supporting models, mainly supporting processing for independent brands. With the overall strength of independent brand parts enterprises, some leading enterprises in high-grade and high-quality wiring harness market to establish brand influence began to accelerate the layout of industrial capital, integration of industrial resources, give full play to the synergistic effect with partners in technology, customer resources and supporting services, accelerate the survival of the fittest in the industry. In the future, China's wiring harness industry will face an industrial environment of survival of the fittest and accelerating the realization of resource integration.